Estimation of power density in IMPATT using different materials

ABSTRACT

The RF output power dissipated per unit area is calculated using Runge-Kutta method for the high-moderate-moderate-high (n⁺-n-p-p⁺) doping profile of double drift region (DDR)-based impact avalanche transit time (IMPATT) diode by taking different substrate at Ka band. Those substrates are silicon, gallium arsenide, germanium, wurtzite gallium nitride, indium phosphide and 4H-silicon carbide. A comparative study regarding power dissipation ability by the IMPATT using different material is being presented thereby modelling the DDR IMPATT diode in a one-dimensional structure. The IMPATT based on 4H-SiC element has highest power density in the order of 10¹⁰ Wm^?2 and the Si-based counterpart has lowest power density of order 10⁶ Wm^?2 throughout the Ka band. So, 4H-SiC-based IMPATT should be preferable over others for the power density preference based application. This result will be helpful to estimate the power density of the IMPATT for any doping profile and to select the proper element for the optimum design of the IMPATT as far as power density is concerned in the Ka band. Also, we have focused on variation of power density with different junction temperatures and modelled the heat sink with analysis of thermal resistances.     

Mechanism of methanol decomposition on the Pd/WC(0001) surface unveiled by first-principles calculations

In this study, the decomposition of methanol into the CO and H species on the Pd/tungsten carbide (WC)(0001) surface is systematically investigated using periodic density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The possible reaction pathways and intermediates are determined. The results reveal that saturated molecules, i.e., methanol and formaldehyde, adsorb weakly on the Pd/ WC(0001) surface. Both CO and H prefer three-fold sites, with adsorption energies of −1.51 and −2.67 eV, respectively. On the other hand, CH₃O stably binds at three-fold and bridge sites, with an adsorption energy of −2.58 eV. However, most of the other intermediates tend to adsorb to the surface with the carbon and oxygen atoms in their sp³ and hydroxyl-like configurations, respectively. Hence, the C atom of CH₂OH preferentially attaches to the top sites, CHOH and CH₂O adsorb at the bridge sites, while COH and CHO occupy the three-fold sites. The DFT calculations indicate that the rupture of the initial C–H bond promotes the decomposition of CH₃OH and CH₂OH, whereas in the case of CHOH, O–H bond scission is favored over the C–H bond rupture. Thus, the most probable methanol decomposition pathway on the Pd/WC(0001) surface is CH₃OH → CH₂OH → trans-CHOH → CHO → CO. The present study demonstrates that the synergistic effect of WC (as carrier) and Pd (as catalyst) alters the CH₃OH decomposition pathway and reduces the noble metal utilization.     

On the origin of strain hardening in glassy polymers

The influence of network density on the strain hardening behaviour of amorphous polymers is studied. The network density of polystyrene is altered by blending with poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene-oxide) and by cross-linking during polymerisation. The network density is derived from the rubber-plateau modulus determined by dynamic mechanical thermal analysis. Subsequently uniaxial compression tests are performed to obtain the intrinsic deformation behaviour and, in particular, the strain hardening modulus. At room temperature, the strain hardening modulus proves to be proportional to the network density, irrespective of the nature of the network, i.e. physical entanglements or chemical cross-links. With increasing temperature, the strain hardening modulus is observed to decrease. This decrease appears to be related to the influence of thermal mobility of the chains, determined by the distance to the glass-transition temperature (T−T_g).     

泥页岩井壁稳定研究及在临盘地区的应用

从岩石力学和物理化学两个主要因素简要分析了井壁失稳的机理，指出泥页岩井壁失稳是由力学与化学两方面因素共同作用的结果。钻井液与泥页岩存在化学势差，并改变了井壁附近的孔隙压力，降低岩石强度。借助于井壁处有效应力的变化,将泥页岩与钻井液相互作用时页岩水化所产生的力学效应与纯力学效应结合起来，计算出任意井斜方位井眼围岩应力状态，利用测井资料求出有关岩石力学参数和Mohr Couloumb准则，计算得出防塌的临界钻井液密度。     

红外光谱法用于快速测定车用柴油酸度等性质的研究

针对车用柴油酸度等性质测定过程繁琐，采用衰减全反射样品池测定车用柴油的红外光谱，用偏最小二乘法（PLS）建立红外光谱测定车用柴油酸度、密度、闪点和凝点的4个校正模型，验证标准误差分别为0.46 mg/(100 mL),0.77kg/m3,2.60 ℃,2.77 ℃，该方法符合标准方法再现性要求。与标准方法相比，该方法具有无需预处理、操作简单、测量快速、重复性好等优点。     

低阻VDMOSFET的优化设计与制造

文章对9926型双N沟增强型VDMOSFET进行了结构和版图的优化设计。给出了该器件的纵横向结构参数,材料的物理参数和版图总体结构。单胞结构的优化设计使单胞密度达到204万个/cm2,比国际市场现有产品的单胞密度(156万个/cm2)提高了30%。这种设计采用浅n+注入工艺可使器件生产成本下降31%。最后对研制结果进行了分析讨论。     

储层泥浆侵入深度预测方法研究

泥浆侵入半径的确定尚缺乏严格的验证标准.以油水两相渗流理论和离子扩散方程为基础,结合储集层特点,研究了不同储层参数下泥浆滤液对地层的侵入特性.数值模拟侵入时间选取10 d和20 d.数值模拟结果表明,侵入半径在渗透率不变的情况下随孔隙度的增大而减小,在孔隙度不变的情况下随渗透率的增大而增大;当渗透率和孔隙度都发生变化时,泥浆侵入半径一般随孔隙度的增加呈幂函数增加.依据这种关系对测井资料约束处理,得到的泥浆侵入半径较客观地反映了地层的真实情况.     

用方位密度成像测井资料计算水平井钻遇地层倾角的方法

Schlumberger公司的随钻方位密度测井(ADN)可以提供井周16个方位的密度成像资料,为过井眼的地质界面产状的计算提供了方便.对于垂直井或大斜井,当井眼穿过一个有明显电测响应变化的地质界面时,利用井壁成像资料可以方便地描述地质界面的产状;对于水平井,由于井眼轨迹基本与地层平行,井眼轨迹常常只能穿越地层界面.传统的对界面产状的描述方法已不再适用.提出了一种利用方位密度成像测井计算水平井井旁地层产状的方法.希望随着测井新技术的出现不断完善新的解释方法,以提高随钻方位密度测井的使用范围和精度.     

地层岩性随钻识别的神经网络方法研究

钻井过程中随钻识别钻头当前位置的岩性信息对于合理选择钻头类型、快速建立岩性剖面、及时发现油气层和卡准取心层位有着重要意义。钻井实践证明，地层岩性的变化在钻井参数上有很好的综合体现。以录井资料为基础，结合已钻井的测井资料，根据BP神经网络原理，建立了地层岩性随钻识别神经网络模型。应用该模型在新疆油田进行了地层岩性随钻识别试验，试验结果与测井资料解释结果相比，效果较好，符合率可达80％。     

电阻率测井泥浆侵入影响校正方法研究——以鄂尔多斯盆地天然气储层为例

地层压力低导致泥浆侵入深度加大，电阻率测井响应受到泥浆侵入的影响不能真正反映地层的电阻率特性。在天然气高产的储层段，深、浅电阻率测井应该有的差异被弱化，使得电阻率测井识别与评价天然气储层的应用受到制约。为此，依据电阻率测井的基本原理及泥浆侵入对双侧向测井的影响机理，研究了鄂尔多斯盆地天然气储层电阻率测井的响应特征及其在应用中存在的问题，探讨了仪器结构参数、地层视电阻率、真电阻率、泥浆侵入深度之间的关系，给出了电阻率测井泥浆侵入影响的校正方法及泥浆侵入深度的计算方法；选择了有代表性的几口井（A15井，A16井，AK2井）对方法进行了验证，改进了该地区天然气储层的识别与评价方法。